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Base rate neglect vs The availability heuristic

Curated by · reviewed 2026-06-01

Both make you misjudge how likely something is, but base-rate neglect ignores the statistics you already have, while the availability heuristic substitutes memory for statistics you never had.

Base rate neglectThe availability heuristic
What it isIgnoring the general statistical rateJudging likelihood by how easily examples come to mind
The errorA vivid detail overrides the base rateRecent or dramatic examples feel more common than they are
ExampleTrusting a positive test over a disease's low real prevalenceFearing a plane crash right after seeing one in the news

Which matters when?

If you have the actual statistics and still weight a specific story more heavily, that's base-rate neglect. If you never had the statistics and are estimating from what comes to mind, that's the availability heuristic. Base-rate neglect ignores the numbers; the availability heuristic substitutes for them.

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