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Hanlon's razor vs The fundamental attribution error

Curated by · reviewed 2026-05-31

Both are about how we explain other people's bad behaviour. The fundamental attribution error names the bias — we blame character, not circumstance — and Hanlon's razor is a rule of thumb for correcting it.

Hanlon's razorThe fundamental attribution error
What it isA bias: blaming a person's character over their situationA heuristic: assume carelessness before malice
TypeA description of how we misjudge othersA corrective habit you apply on purpose
ExampleAssuming a rude driver is a bad person, not someone having a bad dayAssuming a missed email was an oversight, not a snub

Which matters when?

The fundamental attribution error is the trap — we default to blaming someone's character for their situation. Hanlon's razor is one way out: before assuming malice, ask whether carelessness explains it just as well. The error is automatic; the razor is a deliberate check on it.

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