Poor Charlie's Almanack · Charlie Munger

Inversion examples

Curated by · reviewed 2026-05-31

Instead of asking how to succeed, ask what would guarantee failure — then avoid all of it. Solving the problem backward often reveals what forward thinking misses.

What is inversion? Read the full idea →

5 examples of inversion

  1. Planning a trip

    Don't only list what makes it great; list what would ruin it — lost passport, no charger — and prevent each.

  2. Staying healthy

    Munger's move: ask 'what would wreck my health?' and simply not do those things, rather than chase every supplement.

  3. Writing clearly

    Instead of 'how do I sound smart', ask 'what would confuse a reader?' and delete it.

  4. Keeping a customer

    Don't just ask how to delight them; ask what would make them leave, and fix those first.

  5. A safe product launch

    Run a pre-mortem: imagine it failed badly, then work backward to the causes you can stop now.

How to spot it in yourself

You'll forget most of this by next week.

That's just how memory works. Lock inversion in with a 5-minute active-recall session — spaced repetition, no signup.

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